Italy
Florence is Rome's smaller sibling at every dimension — narrower streets, denser architecture, hotter summers, and Italy's strongest concentration of leather artisans, tailors, and Renaissance-era buildings. Pitti Uomo every January and June makes Florence the menswear-tailoring capital for those weeks; the rest of the year, the city runs polished Italian editorial. Cobblestones (similar to Rome's sampietrini but smaller-stone) mean the same shoe rules apply: leather sandals broken in or polished loafers, never new heels. Summer is hotter and drier than Rome (32°C / 90°F average July high), and the Vatican-equivalent dress codes apply at Santa Maria del Fiore (the Duomo) and most basilicas.